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Serbian cross
The Serbian cross is a national symbol of Serbia, part of the Coat of arms of Serbia, and the flag of Serbia. It is believed to be based on the tetragrammatic cross emblem of the Byzantine Palaiologos dynasty, with the difference that in Serbian use the cross is usually white on a red background, rather than gold on a red background (though it can be depicted in gold as well). It is composed of a cross symbol with four stylized letters ''S'' (''С'') on each of its corners.
The Serbian tradition attributes the symbol to St. Sava, 12th century metropolitan of Žiča and Archbishop of Serbs, creation of the popular motto from those four letters, Only Unity Saves the Serbs ((セルビア語:Само слога Србина спасава/''Samo sloga Srbina spasava'')).〔(Only the Nails Remain: Scenes from the Balkan Wars )〕 The actual origin of the beta (Β) symbols is with the Byzantine Empire, and the motto of the Palaeologan dynasty: ''King of Kings, Ruling Over Kings'' (Greek: ).
The double-headed eagle and the cross are the main heraldic symbols which represent the national identity of the Serbian people across the centuries.
==Origin==
Crosses with firesteels have been used since Roman times, as symbols, but not as coats of arms or emblems. Some historians connect it with the ''labarum'', the Imperial flag of Constantine the Great (r. 306–337). In the 6th century the cross with four fields (with either letters or heraldry), ''tetragramme'', appear on Byzantine coins. The symbol was adopted by the First Crusaders since the first event, People's Crusade (1096). Michael VIII Palaiologos (1261–1282) adopted the symbol when he resurrected the Byzantine Empire, with the initials (letters β) of the imperial motto of the Palaiologos dynasty: ''King of Kings, Ruling Over Kings'' (). It was used in flags and coins. The symbol appear on the Imperial flag ''divellion'' (διβελλιον), a naval war flag, used in front of all other banners, recorded by Pseudo-Kodinos ( 1347-1368) wrongly as "a cross with fire-steels" (σταυρον μετα πυρεκβολων), and depicted in the Castilian ''Conosçimiento de todos los reynos'' atlas ( 1350).〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url=http://flagspot.net/flags/gr_byz.html#oth )〕 As Alexander Soloviev writes, the use of letters in western heraldry is non existent.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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